🗣️ What Language Do They Speak in San Blas? | Guna Yala's Indigenous Culture & Dialect Explained 🌍

Diccionario Guna

Bandera de San Blas "Guna Yala Panamá"

ONODEDGI | INTRODUCCIÓN

The Guna language, like other indigenous languages ​​in the country, has been wandering, still unable to find its rightful place, despite many national and international regulations that favor its study, dissemination, and use in education. Meanwhile, Spanish, the country's official language since the Republican era, continues to prevail in all spheres of Panamanian society, to the detriment of the historical and socio-pedagogical value of indigenous languages.  

The Guna alphabet appeared at the beginning of the last century. It was created and used by missionaries to facilitate their evangelizing work in our region. The missionaries used the Spanish alphabet when writing in Guna, following the phonetic principles and spelling rules of Spanish. They failed to consider the uniqueness of the dulegaya, which has its own internal structure and is studied as such; consequently, its writing must be governed by this uniqueness.   The present text, “Bases of Reading and Writing in the Guna Language,” seriously considered these principles that served as the basis for defining the alphabet.

Dulegayaba

Gunagaya, dulebamala gaggamaryob, anba mesagwar imagledii, we yargine, dulemargaya sabgued, onasgued, gi mimmigan ibodurdaggoed igarmar nue mamasuliyob. Waggayadi, Panama wargwen na bander gasad aggale, e bur gannayob, bela neggasamai. Dulemargayadi ise obanagwar, burba suliyob, geggin ibdurdaglegeyob.

Dulegayaba narmagged, yola birga duladdaled gwenagusa, nosadaggar. Badirmar onoali, dulemar waggaya aggu iddo daggu, emar bur dulegaya durdaggedgi binsadmala, bur basursunna dulemar e igargi odurdaggega. Badirmar dule gayaba narmagdegu waggaya narmaggeyob narmagdegusmala, sunmaggedmar emarbiyob. Gayamar aggaraggarnae, e saglagan emarbisuli, ibbied dargwennanabali. Degsoggu, gwabin soggwen narmaglebiele e saglagan ulubse daglegergebe. Aagala e narmaglegoed gege emarbigue.

We sabga “Dulegaya narmalegoedigar” bela we dagsa. Aagala anmargaya narmaggedigar wis bibbi gwagnoniggi. We, anmar, bemarga ilemas, na bemar arganyaurgi mesmala. Iddomargua.

Réuter Orán

IBMAR IMAGLESADI | ALGUNOS PASOS DADOS

1.   In 2004, the agreed-upon text, "FOUNDATIONS OF KUNA READING AND WRITING: Unified Aspects Under the Direction of the Kuna General Congresses," was published. It organized the foundations and standards that had been applied for several years. The citation of the same text already mentioned the changes to come: "Returning to the implications of the morphological-phonemic principle, as is our case, and in accordance with the research being conducted, especially in Colombia, we believe that the ch will be eliminated in a few years. In this case, the double s would be used instead of the ch, and the pronunciation of the Spanish [ch] would be maintained" (p. 8).

2.   The text we cite constituted a significant step in the unification of linguistic criteria between two of the most characteristic proposals of that time: the proposal by Prof. Lino Smith, which admitted the w, and presented nineteen (19) letters of the alphabet; and the proposal by Prof. Reuter Orán, who spoke of 18 letters with the accented u (ú), and the non-accented u that served as the w, but was not counted as a letter in the alphabet; and thus presented an alphabet of 18 letters.

3.    As a result of the consensus that was made, the Guna alphabet was left with nineteen (19) letters: Five (5) vowels (a, e, i, o, u), and fourteen (14) consonants (b, ch, d, g, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, w, y).

4.   The Guna EBI had to go a step further in relation to this initial linguistic consensus, because the unification of criteria brought about some linguistic inconsistencies, which gradually became more and more visible, as writing and reading in Dulegaya decisively entered the classrooms.

5.    In the aforementioned pamphlet, referring to the number of letters in the alphabet, the aim was almost exclusively to facilitate the learning of Spanish. Thus, the Guna language appeared as a language subordinate to Spanish, rather than as an autonomous language with its own grammar, because many Guna phonological and phonemic specificities had been sacrificed.

6.    As the Guna children at the school began to master the writing and reading of their own language, the inconsistencies that had existed since before the 2004 consensus became more pronounced and clearer, and many of them were being handled as if they were established grammatical norms.

WIS NUDAGLESA | SOME CORRECTIONS WERE MADE

We corrected some linguistic inconsistencies from the past, which were complicating the writing and reading of Dulegaya. We did not create a new linguistic system, but rather followed the guidelines established in the 1970s and improved by linguist Lino Smith and Professor Reuter Orán.

  Without departing from the morphological-phonemic principle that records phonemes and also considers morphemes in writing, and taking into account that the use of double consonants (dd, bb, ss, gg) whose sounds are similar to those of the Spanish language, [t], [p], [ch], [k] respectively, was already customary. We saw no need to duplicate further spellings, as this would complicate the grammatical rules, making them abundant in exceptions that would translate into unnecessary burdens in the teaching and learning process, and which would not add value to the richness of Dulegaya.  

If the Guna language had already adopted the spellings of double ss [ch], and the ds together [ch] for the approximate sound of the Castilian ch [ch], there was no need for the Castilian digraph “ch” to represent the same sound, which did not enrich the dulegaya, but did complicate it.

WEGII MEGISA

 DULEGAYA | GUNAGAYA

Consideraciones generales

1. The language of the Gunadule people is not a dialect; it is a language with its own grammatical structure. It is known as gunagaya / gunagagga | dulegaya / dulegagga. 2. The writing of the Guna language is uniform, but each region maintains and preserves its own distinctiveness when spoken or read. The same is true of Spanish: it is spoken differently in Mexico, Argentina, Cuba, and Panama. 3. To have increasingly solid linguistic foundations, it is necessary to approach Guna cultural professionals and revisit therapeutic language. This will help better define the semantic relationships of words: their total meaning and their component parts, their morphemes, especially with reference to the doubling of consonants. For example: suggammi, orossor, massadde.

ABEDE | ALPHABET Dulegaya or gunagaya has fifteen letters:  a, b, d, e, g, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, u, w, y    Five vowels: a, e, i, o, u    Ten consonants: b, d, g, l, m, n, r, s, w, y

A – a

B – b

D – d

E – e

G – g

I – i

L – l

M – m

N – n

O – o

R – r

S – s

U – u

W – w

Y – y

a, nana, ana

baba, niba, nalub

daed, dada, ied

e, segar, eoe

goo, siga, birgog

i, mied, nii

gwalu, nalu, nele

moe, ome, mama

noo, ina, ubsan

o, goe, ebo

urwe, burwa, ular

sabdur, masi, bansus

ua, sue, ulu

waa, anwe, gwasir

yaa, yala, aya

Dulegaya narmaggedigar e saglagan | Principle governing the writing of Dulegaya Guna writing follows the morphological-phonological principle that records morphemes and phonemes; more specifically, we are talking about morphological-phonemic.

Weyob / Some examples:

RAÍCES	SE ESCRIBE	SE LEE
suga + gammi Nalu + nega Moli + yaa suga + ibya + bili ina + dule + di Waga + sagla + mullu soo + ulu + guggued + ale + di Dada + sered + dubbu Dagar + guna + yala Ogob + suggun nabba + nono ulu + asu + suid Dubbu + biired	suggammi Nalunega Moliyaa sugibyabili inaduledi Wagsaglamur sourguggualed Dadsereddub Dagargunyala Ogobsuggun nabbanono ulassui Dubbir	[sukammi] [nalunega] [moliyaa] [sugibyabili] [inaduledi] [waisailamur] [sourkukualed] [dacheretub] [dagargunyala] [Ogobsukun] [napanono] [ulachui] [dupir]

ABSOGED, NARMAGGED E IGARGAN | REGLAS BÁSICAS DE ESCRITURA Y LECTURA

Addressing Spanish speakers, due to the context of the Guna people's language as the majority language, we can say that, in Dulegaya: At the beginning of words, consonants are not doubled, even if the intonation is strong. Examples: guna [kuna]; gamdule [kamdule]; dule [tule]; Gunayala [Kunayala]. Exceptions occur in names and/or surnames that have been written in one way for a long time, such as: sagladummad (sagla + dummad); igwawala (igwa + wala); dulegaya (dule + gaya).

Vowels are read like those of the Spanish alphabet. Examples: eoe (to spill), oa (a type of maguey), ue (to smell), ia (older brother). In all combinations where the u [u] is found, it takes on the elongated pronunciation: ue [uue]; guaggwa [guuaggwa]; ingua [inguua].

In Gunagaya, words do not require an orthographic accent because the stress is predictable. It always falls on the penultimate syllable; all syllables are grave.

Vowel doubling occurs in a word, and generally does not change its meaning: u or uu (nest), o or oo (cold or catarrh), mu or muu (grandmother), ni or nii (moon), nuu or nu (dove / breast). However, there are also some terms where vowel doubling does give the word another meaning, such as biired (twisted), bired (return); gwaada (loaded), gwada (sugarcane and corn jelly); susu (brother), suusuu (dizzy/eaten by termites).

The l is pronounced like the Spanish l when it occurs between vowels. It does not occur at the beginning or end of the word. But it does occur in the middle, between vowels, as in mali (foot), nali (shark), nila (roasted ripe banana), ila (giraffe). The [l] sound can change to [r] and be written as such, as in: mola – mor (dress, blouse); soulu – sour (boat); uludub – urdub (rope); bulu – bur (wasp); sulu – sur (monkey).

bm: often pronounced like a double m [mm]: ibmar (ibi + mala) [immar], gobmar (gobe + mala) [gommar]; w: followed by a vowel, it has the approximate pronunciation of the Spanish ü or u: gwili (read as güi (guiro)), gwebur (read as güe (stork)), gwage (read as gua (guard)). 1 If the morphological-phonemic principle were strictly followed, the words spoken would have to be written: mol, sooul, uldub. Here, we take into account the history of writing with the r ending, which is the majority of the Guna people. However, the Guna people living in Colombia continue to maintain the original root in their daily speech: gala / galmala, mola / molmala; gilu / gilmala… In Dulegaya, there is no letter without a sound. Therefore, in the duplication of consonants the following cases occur:

ll:	Al pronunciarse se alarga: gwallu, alle, nalle.
mm:	Se alarga al pronunciarse: mummu, gammi, mimmi.
nn:	Ocurre lo mismo que las anteriores, se alarga al pronunciarse: gunnu, yannu, sinna.
bb:	Su sonido se aproxima al de la p castellana: gobbie [gopie], babbo [bapo], gabbie [gapie].
dd:	Se acerca al sonido de la t castellana: duddu [dutu], gwenaddi [gwenati], maddugwa [matugwa].
gg:	Se aproxima al sonido de la k castellana: neggi [neki], soggu [soku], neggwebur [nekwebur], uggud [ukud], guggur [gukur].
ss:	Las dos juntas o seguidas dan el sonido de la ch castellana: massadde [machate], wissuli, [wichuli], narassole [narachole], massunnad [machunad], assu [achu], massi [machi].
ds:	Su sonido se aproxima, también, al de la ch castellana: nadsunna / nade + sunna [nachunna], nodsunna / node + sunna [nochunna], nidsunna / nide + sunna [nichunna]. Además de eso, cuando no se tiene claridad sobre la raíz de una palabra, o bien, cuando se trata de neologismos, también, se utiliza la ds [ch]: sidsid [sichid]; sidsir [sichir]; widsub, [wichub]; wadsi [wachi].

GAYA MERBAGWADGA IMAGLEGED | PLURALIZATION OF TERMS There are several ways to pluralize words in Dulegaya: Let's look at them by case: CASE 1: The entire word can be pluralized by adding the suffix mala (mar), leaving the root word untouched:

Gayagwennagwad / Singular		Gayamerbagwad / Plural
siggwi (pájaro) dule (persona) urgo (madera) ua (pez o pescado) sabbi (árbol) sabga (hoja, carta) sabbi (árbol) uagi (delfín) sugge (corriente) agsu (cuñado)	siggwi + mala dule + mala urgo + mala ua + mala sabbi + mala sabga + mala sabbi + mala uagi + mala sugge + mala agsu + mala	siggwimala / siggwimar dulemala / dulemar urgomala / urgomar uamala / uamar sabbimala / sabbimar sabgamala / sabgamar sabbimala / sabbimar uagimala / uagimar suggemala + suggemar agsumala + agsumar

CASO 2:

Se puede pluralizar eliminando la última vocal de la palabra y agregándole el sufijo mala (mar) (2)

Gayagwennagwad / Singular		Gayamerbagwad / Plural
nega (casa) suga (cangrejo) gana (silla) noga (taza) susu (hermano) niga (sobrino)	neg + mala  sug + mala gan + mala nog + mala sus + mala nig + mala	negmala / negmar sugmala / sugmar. ganmala / ganmar nogmala / nogmar. susmala / susmar nigmala / nigmar

(2). Although there are cases in which it is not necessary to delete the last vowel, it should be noted that the difference between the dulegaya spoken by a child and an adult is measured by the ability to correctly elide letters or entire syllables in a word to create musicality in the expression, and this reflects the mastery of gunagaya/dulegaya. CASE 3: Words that have the letter l in their last syllable, such as sulu, mola, mila, etc., can only lose the last letter; in this case, the l becomes an r, and the word "mala" / "mar" is added, which pluralizes it. There are some exceptions that only allow whole words: nila / nilamar; guli / gulimar

Gayagwennagwad / Singular		Gayamerbagwad / Plural
gala (hueso) mola (mola) ulu (cayuco) bulu (avispa) mila (sábalo) gilu (tío) sulu (mono) yala (cerro)	gar + mala mor + mala ur + mala bur + mala mir + mala gir + mala sur + mala yar + mala	garmala / garmar. mormala / mormar. urmala / urmar. burmala / burmar. mirmala / mirmar. girmala / girmar. surmala / surmar. yarmala / yarmar.

CASE 4: Pluralize the entire word by adding the suffix gana (gan) (3). Leave the root as is:

Gayagwennagwad / Singular		Gayamerbagwad / Plural
sagla (sagla) ome (mujer) muu (abuela) burwa (viento) boni (enfermedad) abgila (criatura) igar (tratado) bula (maleza)	sagla + gana ome + gana muu + gana burwa + gana boni + gana abgila + gana igar + gana bula + gana	saglagana / saglagan. omegana / omegan. muugana / muugan. burwagana / burwagan bonigana / bonigan abgilagana / abgilagan igargana / igargan bulagana / bulagan

(3) Gana, on its own, is a complete word and means abundance, headquarters, origin, seat. CASE 5: The pluralized word loses the last vowel and the suffix gana (gan) is added.

Gayagwennagwad / Singular		Gayamerbagwad / Plural
dada (abuelo) baba (papá) nana (mamá)	dad + gana bab + gana nan + gana	dadgana / dadgan. babgana / babgan. nangana / nangan.

CASE 6: The word loses its last letter or syllables and the suffix gana (gan) is added.

Gayagwennagwad / Singular		Gayamerbagwad / Plural
yaagwa (señorita) sisggwa (hija adulta) wagwa (nieto)	yaa + gana sis + gana wa + gana	yaagana / yaagan. sisgana / sisgan. wagana / wagan.

GAYABURBAMAR / VERBS To get an idea of ​​the possible tenses and forms of verbal actions, let's look at just two examples: Namagged (to sing), dodoged (to play). If the pronoun is plural, the verb can be singular, and the sentence remains plural.

		Namaggedi	Cantar	Dodogedi	Jugar
An Be We | iddi Anmar Bemar Wemar | iddimar	namagge. namagge. namagge. namagmala | namagge. namagmala | namagge namagmala | namagge	Yo Tú Él Nosotros Vosotros Ellos	canto cantas canta cantamos cantáis cantan	dodoge. dodoge. dodoge. dodomala | dodoge dodomala | dodoge dodomala | dodoge	juego juegas juega jugamos jugáis juegan

Gayaburbamar bur nue ebuleged /Some of the most commonly used tenses and verbal actions:

Namagged	Cantar	Dodoged	Jugar
An namagge An namagsa An namaggoe ¡Namag! ¡Namagdage An namagnaoe An namagnae An namagnade An namagnadabboe An namaggoena An namaggabbi An namagsana An namagsabinne An namagsale An namagdena An namagdele An namaggabbina An namagdigua An namaggalina An namagsadii An namaggena An namaggwelena An namagdae	Yo canto. Yo canté. Yo cantaré ¡Cante! (mandato) ¡Ven a cantar! Yo iré a cantar. Yo voy a cantar Yo salgo a cantar. Yo saldré a cantar cuando... Yo iba a cantar, pero… Yo he ido a cantar. Yo había cantado, pero / Si yo hubiera cantado… (nueva acción) Yo ya terminé de cantar (y no repito.) Cuando yo habré cantado (viene otra nueva acción). Yo empezaba a cantar. (acción no realizada). Cuando yo empiece a cantar… Yo había ido a cantar, pero… Yo siempre he cantado. / cuando fui a cantar. Yo empezaba a cantar, pero… Yo ya he cantado. (Acción totalmente terminado). Yo casi canto / Si yo hubiera canta-do… (Acción condicionado) Yo tenía que haber cantado… Yo canto regularmente.	An dodoge An dodosa An dodogoe ¡Dodo! ¡Dododage An dodonaoe An dodonae An dodonade /dodnade An dodonadabboe An dodogoena An dodoabbi An dodosana An dodosbinne An dodosale An dododena An dododele / dododer An dodoabbina An dododigua / doddigua An dodoalina An dodosgudii An dodoena An dodogwelena An dododae /doddae	Yo juego. Yo jugué. Yo jugaré. ¡Juegue! (mandato) ¡Ven a jugar! Yo iré a cantar. Yo voy a jugar Yo salgo a jugar. Yo saldré a jugar cuando... Yo iba a jugar, pero... Yo he ido a jugar. Yo había jugado, pero… / Si yo hubiera jugado (nueva acción) Yo ya terminé de jugar (y no repito.) Cuando yo habré jugado (viene otra nueva acción). Yo empezaba a jugar... (acción no realizada) Cuando yo empiece a jugar… Yo había ido a jugar pero,… Yo siempre he jugado. / Cuando fui a jugar Yo empezaba a jugar, pero… Yo ya he jugado. (Acción totalmente terminado). Yo casi juego / Si yo hubiera jugado. (Nueva acción condicionada…) Yo tenía que haber jugado… Yo juego regularmente

BA ABSOGED DURDAGGEGA / LECTURAS PARA EJERCITARSE

 DULEGAYA

Lino Smith

Anmar dulegayaba ibu be sogbidibe, igi be sogbidibe, bela sunna be soged. Anmar gayaba sunna ibmar soggwen sogbigbaa be ibmar bied. Anmar sunna soged: Ome, bunagwa, bundor, siolo, walebungwa, sanwa, masdued, sorgaed. Dulegayaba sunna be sogbalid: Giaggwagwa, mussigwa, usgwagwa, sorgwagwa, suiddisuli.

Anmar dulegayaba issesuli ibmar aggaraggar sunna bile be dagsursi. Dulewargwen soge be iddodibe, ibemimmiryo. Sunna be egised, ¿wede ibi obare? Sogdo, masi. Dule soge be iddodibe, iawala, we sogledo: igar, diwar. Deginbali, sunna be sogbalid: Abali, asiggi. Abe, ablis. Agiginne, uurmagge Aidiggi, uggusuli. Ailuge, noague . Aisaggide, bomide.

Degisoggu gwenadgan, anmar gayade nued be dagsursi, yeer sunmagle be dagsursi. Degissoggu biddigi an dulegayaba sunmagbi iddosmalana gadin. Be iddogua.

 SIGLIGORGOROD GANNIRMASSERED EBO

Réuter Orán

Degii, sigligorgorod dadagwa, gannirmassered dadagwamo, aggwiledimarsoge. Ibagwengine, e aggwemalad, neggine mas gunned sadde, dagmalodo. Aggwed ome soggu e masseredga: ¿We bane anmar ibu gunmaloe? Anmar masdi nigga, ba gunneddi anmar sadde.

Massered abin soggu: ¿Al igiid gannir massidadagwa sisunna? Ar wede geg gullesi? ¿Ar sigligorgorod sibarsursi? Gwen san saddeye sogedsula.

Gannirmassidadagwade neggaraba, ibya murusaar, iddosiid. Deg e aggwemalad soggu, non ganna guali. Nue ebogwad dagge. Ebusa imagge. ¿Be iddosii anmar aggwemalad sunmagbuggwad?

 Belabela an iddosii, -sigligorgorod soggu: ¿Ar degidde, anmar ibu abiddosuna? ¡Anmar waggine! Gannir soge. Daggebinne, sigligorgorod abinsae.

Deg waggiddemarsunna. Neg sedossoggu, dog banba nadsurmala. Neggi anba dule sunmagged maga iddolegedgi bula maddus-diggisar naid. Aa imbabali sigidabmala. Gabe.

Negadargabigwengusaddigin iddolesoge, gannir massidadagwade addadagoe. Namagbiguali. E ai sigli gar soggu mer degdaye, degiir anmar iddolemaloye. Gannir gabideba. Dog gabissuli, addarbali. E ai sigliga soggu: belabela an nue namagbiedde. Sigli e yob iddodae. E aibe gaya gasa imagdae. Deg gannir gabidbali. Nue negmeelesadgin soge, gannir massered geg na bar san gagus, bad godde na iddodagoe: e saggan dummad ise omommomaggar, geb goddesundo: ¡¡Goooggereggo!!. ¡googgeregoo!! Geb ai sigli bar ise golale imagdemosundo ¡¡ gorgorgorgor, gorgorgor, gorgorgor!!! E aggwemalad yog iddoarmala. E aggwemaladse gales, seles, gannarse. Iddogua.

DUDDUMAR

Dulalelegwa dar bosumba galubu nagabali,

dulalale bosumba galumuu diggalaba,

dulalele bosumbagwa ubebebaliye,

dulalele olodudubi agnaggwiali,

dulalele olodudu agnaggwenaiye.

Dulalele olodudu noguryaul aggarguali

Dulalele olodudu noguryaul aggarguena,

Dulalele olodudu noguryaul binyenaiye,

Dulalele olodududi noguryaur iismaggemaiye.

Dulalele oloduduse, dulalele oloduduse

siggwidulagan baddemaiye.

Bela gargaligwale, bela gargalidiggi

oloduduse siggwidula baddemai.

Bosumba galumuu imagsigisa

bela gargaligwale, bela gargalidiggi.

Dulaleleye, bosumba galumuu imagsiiye.

Olodudu nai billiba siggwidula birye guebuggwa

dudu nai billibaliye.

BA GORMAGGEGA

Binigdi (Abadio Green)

MEDDE

Nandummagan anmalga namagge

Medde dula sii

Medde dule dummagana

A nuggi anmal neggwebulgana

Gala nigga buggwamala.

Ibelele medde ablisgi daniggi

Agala anmal nangan inna gobbalile

Bela bela yer iddodamala,

Yer welgudamala

Bulaggwa mungubuggwadamala

¡¡¡¡ Yel iddolegeee !!!!

¡¡¡¡ Yel iddo siii !!!!

¡¡¡¡ suu wergusiii !!!!

Nandummagan welgubuggwamala,

¡¡¡¡ yel iddolegeee !!!!.

BA GORMAGGEGA

Aiban Wagua

NELEGAN, NANA BURBA SELOGEDAGE!

¡Nelegan,

surbanegase ubogemegisa!

Nelegan,

sianalagwa yalabali,

waarsuidi yalaba,

bela biba waalewaale,

amuleamule,

dibaledibale.

¡Surbanegase, surbanegase!

Nega dulagwale,

nelegan inna odimaggali

we yalabina…

we yalabina, nelegan gwissiguali,

negaburba gannonagusa:

¡Gege we yala uglege,

gege mellege,

gege ielege,

gege beeye!,

nelegan gormaggenaigusa.

Nelegan, bela, amuleamule

ga gwilenaigusa;

bela sindiale sindiale

ga burba selogeye, selogeye,

nelegan sigu odimaggebuggwa.

¡Dibaledibale,

dulaledulale!

NOGA GOBE

¡Noga gobeyeeeeee!

An Yala gormagge,

an Yala namagge,

an Yala uurmagge,

an Yala golenai,

an Yala gwilegwissi,

 gwilenai,

gwilemai:

¡noga gobe,

noga be gobeyeeeeee!

¡E, e, e, e, eeeeeeeee!

¡U, u, u, u, uuuuuuuuuu!

Nue gwilemalo,

nue siggirmaggemalo,

nue sindimaggemalo,

nue bibbirmaggemalo…

¡Wedi anmar gadi!

Anmar burba:

¡Noga gobe, noga gobe,

u, u, u, u, uuuuuuuu!

¡Noga be gobeyeeeeeee!

¡E, e, e, e, eeeeeeeee!

¡U, u, u, uuuuuuuu, u!

¡AN AI!

¿An ai, mango manama?

Yog ua soar,

yog sug gaar…

¿an ai, be ur nigga?

¡An ur dogdar bibbigwa!

¡Gwen baisu!

Gude anmar:

Gammi, gammi, gammi…

¡Yuuu, Yuuu, yuuuuuu!

Guna Dictionary EBI GUNA CONSULTANTS

Sagladummagan:

Gilberto Arias

Inocencio Martínez

Héctor Smith

Aníbal Escala

Quintero Campiu

Eriberto González

Carlos Hernández

Argardummagan:

Alberto Vásquez

Rafael Harris

Andrés Martínez

EQUIPO TECNICO

Coordinador:

Artinelio Hernández

Cuerpo técnico:

Aiban Wagua

Adela Tejada

Kikadir Orán

Anelio Merry

Reuter Orán

Administración:

María Boyd

🗣️ What Language Do They Speak in San Blas? | Guna Yala's Indigenous Culture & Dialect Explained 🌍

🗣️ What Language Do They Speak in San Blas? | Guna Yala's Indigenous Culture & Dialect Explained 🌍